Changes in food and nutrient intakes in Korean adults before and during the COVID-19 pandemic: data from the 2011-2020 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.

OBJECTIVES: This study was to examine the changes in dietary habits and food and nutrient intakes between before (2019) and during (2020) the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES). METHODS: A total of 54,995 participants aged ≥19 years who participated in the 2011-2020 KNHANES were included. The 10-year trend (2011-2020) and differences between 2019 and 2020 for dietary habits and food and nutrient intakes were estimated using SAS. RESULTS: In the past 10 years (2011-2020), the dietary habits (increase in skipping meals and eating out), food intake (increase in meats and decrease in fruits and vegetables), and nutrient intake (increase in fat and decrease in sodium) in adults have changed. When comparing between 2019 and 2020, there were 4.6%p decrease in the eating out more than once a day. On the other hand, there were no significant differences in the intakes of food, energy and most of nutrients between 2019 and 2020, except for the proportion of energy intake from fat (1.0%p increase) and carbohydrate (1.0%p decrease). CONCLUSIONS: Although a change in dietary habits from before to during the COVID-19 pandemic was observed, food and nutrient intakes have not deteriorated markedly and appear similar to the trends in the past 10 years. Throughout the COVID-19 pandemic, it is necessary to monitor the effects of changes in dietary habits on health as well as food and nutrient intakes.

What contributed to students' online learning satisfaction during the pandemic?

Due to the sudden transition to online education because of the outbreak of COVID-19, various strategies and factors have been extensively investigated to increase the effectiveness and quality of online education. In this study, we reviewed and synthesized the factors correlating with students' online learning satisfaction, considered a basic component when evaluating online education quality. From 42 studies that were systematically searched from nine databases, 164 separated correlates of students' satisfaction were found. These were categorized into four domains: student-related factors, instructor-related factors, quality of online classes, and e-learning readiness. Overall effect size (ES) and four subgroup ESs were then calculated. The results indicated that the domain of instructor-related factors showed the highest ES compared to other domains. Among the factors, instructional support, technology acceptance, and perceived presence were the three top factors exhibiting large ES. Several implications are discussed to enhance these crucial factors.

What contributed to students’ online learning satisfaction during the pandemic?

Due to the sudden transition to online education because of the outbreak of COVID-19, various strategies and factors have been extensively investigated to increase the effectiveness and quality of online education. In this study, we reviewed and synthesized the factors correlating with students’ online learning satisfaction, considered a basic component when evaluating online education quality. From 42 studies that were systematically searched from nine databases, 164 separated correlates of students’ satisfaction were found. These were categorized into four domains: student-related factors, instructor-related factors, quality of online classes, and e-learning readiness. Overall effect size (ES) and four subgroup ESs were then calculated. The results indicated that the domain of instructor-related factors showed the highest ES compared to other domains. Among the factors, instructional support, technology acceptance, and perceived presence were the three top factors exhibiting large ES. Several implications are discussed to enhance these crucial factors. [ FROM AUTHOR]

Self-control in Quarantined Individuals during the COVID-19 Pandemic in South Korea.

PURPOSE: This study generated a model of self-control in quarantined individuals during the COVID-19 pandemic in South Korea. DESIGN: Grounded theory methodology was utilized. METHOD: 21 participants who underwent quarantine participated in interviews. FINDINGS: "Adhering to the quarantine rules to achieve a goal for the public good" was determined to be a core category describing self-control in quarantined individuals. They showed enduring behaviors with a specific pattern, which were classified into five phases. CONCLUSION: With careful consideration, quarantine can be an effective means of protecting community. CLINICAL EVIDENCE: Public health nursing interventions that fulfill basic needs and provide information are needed.

Influence of learning flow and distance e-learning satisfaction on learning outcomes and the moderated mediation effect of social-evaluative anxiety in nursing college students during the COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional study.

AIM: The purpose of this study was to examine the potential mechanism underlying the association between learning flow and learning outcomes in nursing students in South Korea during the pandemic. In particular, we examined the mediation effect of distance e-learning satisfaction moderated by social-evaluative anxiety related to COVID-19 on the relationship between learning flow and learning outcomes. BACKGROUND: Despite the COVID-19 pandemic, the education of nursing students has continued by shifting the manner of delivering their education. Distance e-learning is being widely used under the strong social distancing policies currently in place and many educators are struggling to enhance the efficiency of this distance e-learning. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 310 nursing students attending two colleges in South Korea. Data were collected from December 2-15 in 2020 by using an online survey. RESULTS: As a result, an association was observed between learning flow and learning outcomes and distance e-learning satisfaction mediated this association. Importantly, social-evaluative anxiety caused by COVID-19 moderated the mediation effect of distance e-learning satisfaction. Students' anxiety related to COVID-19 played a negative role in the distance e-learning mechanism for nursing students. CONCLUSIONS: It is thus necessary for educators and staff in nursing schools to exert effort to reduce students' COVID-19-related anxiety to enhance the outcomes of distance e-learning in nursing students.